There are a fair amount of people that hold the Constitution of the United States to their heart, because they truly do believe that this Constitution, was the greatest gift of responsible and representative governance, ever provided to humankind. While there are a lot of positive things to say about the Constitution, one of the things, that is fundamentally flawed, is the structure of the Senate as ratified in that Constitution. As it stands, per the Constitution, each State of the Union, no matter how small in population, and each State of the Union, no matter how large, are entitled to exactly two, and no less than two Senators per State. This does signify that States such as California, Texas and New York have the exact same representation within the Senate as States such as Wyoming, Vermont, and North Dakota, despite the fact that California, for instance, has more people within its State, then the twenty-two least populated States, combined.
What this basically signifies is that in America, we do not truly have fair representation of the people at the Federal level, whatsoever, because those that are the denizens of the smaller States, are able to dictate to the larger States, what will or will not be approved as legislation, and in those cases in which the smaller States are unable to dictate their terms and conditions, thereof, they have, at a minimum, the power to preclude whatever legislation that these smaller States care not a whit for. This means that on a Federal level, over and over again, the smaller States, are able to almost always have an overinfluential say in regards to legislative acts, which clearly belies their actual population size.
While it is true, that the smaller States are not necessarily in lockstep with one another; it is also true, historically, that, for instance, the Southern States, stood together, to hold back progressive changes so needed in regards to civil rights and discrimination for a very lengthy period of time. None of this could continue to occur or re-occur, if the Senate was to reflect a more basic representation of their proportion of the population, of which, a reasonable compromise would be to see that each State had at a minimum, one Senator, and no State could have any more than four. Of course, the chances of this Constitutional Amendment ever passing is pretty much close to zero, because the Senators within those small States, would not have a vested interest in voting against their power and influence to amend such to what would be to their personal and State detriment.
So then, in absence of the actual elimination of the Senate from the Constitution through an Amendment, and hence the elimination of the bicameral legislature, which will seemingly never occur – the only other avenue to even up the score between large States and small States would be to create more States from out of the larger States. So too, this presents a problem, because Congress, would have to approve this action, and no doubt, the Senators from the smaller States would not be in favor of such, because it would dilute its power; in addition to other medium size States, would not see this as being beneficial to them, either. In other words, the United States seems to be stuck with what is essentially perpetual minority rule.