The very first thing that must be acknowledged is that cities, city planning commissions, governmental representatives, local politicians, justice departments, police policies, and influential corporations, are all interconnected together, and thereby how areas of a city are subsequently zone for this, and not zone for that, fundamentally comes down to the fact that all those on the inside and who thus are connected, primarily get what they want, and those who are not, clearly don't even have a seat of influence at the table of where those decisions are made, and thereby are effectively dismissed and ignored.
This is why, to no real surprise, that the best areas of town, are the parts of the community, that have good schools, good parks, libraries, playgrounds, financial institutions, and all the accouterments that come with desirable communities, of which those communities are often times, majority white; and if not, majority white, then a fair reflection of the power structure within that particular city. On the other hand, those communities that have an oversupply of strip clubs, liquor stores, and questionable businesses, such as low-end department stores, cash loan stores, along with disreputable motels, bad schools, and the lack of good accouterments are typically in that part of town, which is known as being the low-income, minority part of town. Further to the point, zoning laws, really "game" the system, in which the good parts of communities, preclude disreputable businesses such as strip clubs and pool halls, or industrial businesses and the like from being in their area. On the other hand, the minority part of town, as bad as it already has it, is subject to being rather conveniently zoned for non-desirable commercial and industrial businesses, of which those businesses are prone to pollute the surrounding environment, which clearly is not healthy for those denizens that live within those areas.
While it is true that people are freely entitled to move to wherever it is that they so desire, that freedom to move really comes down to those that have the assets and the means to actually make that move; so that, truth be told, the reason that so many minorities live in non-desirable, and unhealthy neighborhoods is that typically that is about the only kind of place that they can reasonably afford. This thus signifies that the structure of communities are not fair in their conception or in their implementation, and that the divide that one sees between those enclaves that have everything, as compared to those others, that have so little, has an awful lot to do with it being by design, and not happenstance.
Clearly, this is unfair, and what makes it even more unfair, is that those that are privileged, can if they so desire, go enter the seedier parts of towns, to transact whatever business that they so desire to do, and then return to their safety of their good neighborhood; whereas, those on the wrong side of town, find that they are often harassed, unwanted, and unappreciated in the finer parts of town; and must at the end of the day, return to that which they would, all things being equal, prefer to leave, if they could.
So then, while there is indeed plenty of wealth in America, it is fair to say, it's that type of wealth that is very concentrated and thereby all so good for those that have it; in contrast to those that lack, who are essentially trapped and zoned into decrepit and unsafe areas of absolute abject poverty.